Bolted connections are a fundamental part of structural steel design. While many connections are loaded primarily in shear or tension, combined loading is common in real-world structures — and must be addressed explicitly in design.

Wood screws are widely used in timber construction for their convenience and versatility. When a wood screw is subject to both lateral (shear) and withdrawal (tension) forces, proper design is essential to avoid brittle failures.

Lag screws are widely used in timber construction to transfer loads between wood members and steel plates or anchorage points.

Bolted timber connections are essential in wood-framed structures, especially when transferring high loads between beams, columns, or other framing elements.

Glulam (glued-laminated timber) is a versatile and high-performing material used in wood-framed structures where longer spans or higher loads are required.

Designing timber columns according to the National Design Specification (NDS 2018) is a fundamental task for structural engineers working with wood-framed buildings.